Application of vanadium in all vanadium redox flow batteryVanadium is a magical metal, its valence states are 2+, 3+ and 5+, and element vanadium is rare. Its main forms are VO (vanadium oxide), V2O3 (vanadium trioxide), V2O5 (vanadium pentoxide), FEV (ferrovanadium) and ammonium metavanadate. V2O5 and FEV are the most widely used in industry. They are mainly used as metallurgical additives to improve the strength and toughness of steel.

Use of vanadium The production cost of vanadium is high and the output is low in the world. Except for a few special uses, the main forms of vanadium in industry are vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) and ferrovanadium. 1. Application in steel industry In China, about 90% of vanadium is used in steel industry. The application of vanadium in steel is mainly to improve the strength and toughness of steel by adding vanadium. Adding 0.1% vanadium to structural steel can improve the strength by 10%~20%, reduce the structural weight by 15%~25% and reduce the cost by 8%~10%. High strength vanadium-containing steel can reduce the weight of metal structure by 40%~50%, and the cost is 15%~30% lower than that of common structural steel. Taking steel bars as an example, secondary steel bars are still widely used in China, and the proportion of tertiary high-strength steel bars is only about 10%. The steel bar used in the world is 460Mpa Grade III steel bar, and 500MPa steel bar has been used in Europe. Because of its high strength, toughness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, vanadium steel is widely used in the construction of oil (gas) pipelines, buildings, bridges, steel rails and pressure vessels. 2. Application in alloys Vanadium and titanium is an important metal alloy Ti-6A1-4V, which is used in aero-engines, aerospace cabin frames, special ships, hydrofoils and ship propellers, turbine blades, rocket engine casings, etc. In addition, vanadium alloy is also used in magnetic materials, cemented carbide, superconducting materials (such as v3ga) and nuclear reactor materials. 3. Vanadium battery Vanadium is used as the positive electrode in the form of vanadium oxide in the battery. For example, V2O5 and V6O13 are used as positive electrodes of lithium batteries. Vanadium battery has the advantages of safe use at room temperature, long service life of electrolyte and battery, and low manufacturing cost. The consumption of vanadium pentoxide for batteries in Japan is about 5000 tons/year, accounting for about 10% of the total consumption of vanadium pentoxide in the world. In addition, Pangang and Chenggang in the United States, Australia and China are also studying the application of vanadium in batteries. If vanadium battery can be popularized in the future, it will be another demand growth pole of vanadium metal. 4. Application of vanadium in chemical industry Chemical vanadium products mainly include deep-processed products V2O5(98%~99.99%), NH4VO3 (ammonium metavanadate), NaVO3 and kvo3, which are used as catalysts, ceramic colorants, color developing agents, drying agents and raw materials for producing high-purity vanadium oxide or ferrovanadium respectively. The United States has developed a new vanadium catalyst for sulfuric acid production, petroleum refining and chemical production. 5. Application of vanadium in other fields Besides the above application fields, vanadium is also widely used in glass, ceramics, medicine and other fields.