The all-vanadium redox flow battery uses vanadium ion solutions of different valence states as the active materials of the positive and negative electrodes, and stores them in the electrolyte storage tanks respectively. The electrolyte stored in the tanks is pumped into the stack with a pump to make it It circulates and flows in a closed loop of different liquid storage tanks and half cells, using an ion-conducting membrane as the battery separator, the electrolyte flows in parallel across the electrode surface and undergoes an electrochemical reaction, collects and conducts current through the bipolar plate, and realizes the chemical chemistry of the electrolyte. Conversion of energy to electrical energy.

All-vanadium redox flow battery is a stationary large-capacity energy storage system suitable for power systems. Compared with other energy storage technologies, vanadium battery energy storage technology has the following main characteristics:

1. High safety. The energy storage active material of the battery is a dilute sulfuric acid aqueous solution containing vanadium ions. It operates at room temperature and pressure. After a long time of operation, even if the positive and negative active materials are mixed, it will not explode and burn. During operation, the electrolyte circulates between the stack and the electrolyte storage tank, the heat generated by the stack can be effectively discharged, and the thermal management is simple. The consistency between single cells is good. No fires have occurred in any of the systems installed worldwide to date.

2. Long cycle life, good battery uniformity, and deep discharge. Since the electrical energy is stored in the electrolyte instead of the electrodes, it can theoretically be charged and discharged indefinitely. Capacity decay after a certain period of operation can be recovered online or offline.

3. The life cycle is cost-effective, and the electrolyte, which accounts for about 30% to 50% of the total cost (depending on the length of energy storage), can be recycled.

5. Good charge and discharge characteristics, fast response speed, 80% energy efficiency, deep discharge, and high electrochemical reversibility of vanadium ions, small electrochemical polarization, suitable for high current fast charge and discharge, charge and discharge switching only 0.02 second.

6. The power and capacity can be independently designed. The power and capacity are determined by the number of stacks and electrolytes, making the design more flexible. Hundreds of megawatts, especially suitable for large-scale energy storage.

7. Environmentally friendly in the life cycle, the electrolyte can be recycled and reused, the sources of vanadium resources and other materials are rich, the processing technology is mature, and it is easy to recycle. This technology is an important direction for the comprehensive utilization of vanadium resources.